Strategic Convergence of Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Internet of Things in Shaping Industry 5.0 and Next‑Generation Smart Cities: An Advanced Systematic Review

Joshan, Alireza

doi:10.30511/pcdp.2026.2086308.1066

Strategic Convergence of Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Internet of Things in Shaping Industry 5.0 and Next‑Generation Smart Cities: An Advanced Systematic Review

Articles in Press

Document Type : Review paper

Author

Alireza Joshan

Master of Science in Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran

10.30511/pcdp.2026.2086308.1066

Abstract

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a pivotal enabler for Industry 5.0 and next-generation smart city infrastructures. This study presents a PRISMA-guided systematic review of 82 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025, retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The analysis highlights a dominant layered architecture in which IoT facilitates realtime data acquisition, Blockchain ensures decentralized security, transparency, and trust, and AI supports intelligent analytics and autonomous decision-making. Beyond synthesizing existing research, this study proposes a unified taxonomy of AI–Blockchain–IoT integration models, identifies critical research gaps, and outlines a conceptual roadmap for scalable, human-centric implementations in industrial and urban environments. Despite rapid advancements, challenges such as interoperability, energy efficiency, latency, scalability, and the lack of unified standards remain significant barriers to large-scale deployment. The findings provide actionable insights and strategic guidance for developing secure, efficient, and deployable integrated frameworks for real-world applications.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence

Blockchain

Internet of Things

Industry 5.0

Smart Cities

Subjects