Power, Control, and Data Processing Systems

Power, Control, and Data Processing Systems

Designing a Grid-Connected Hybrid Micro-Grid: A Case Study in Hamedan

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
Sana Sadeghi
Adel Mohammadinia
Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Skills (NUS), Tehran, Iran
10.30511/pcdp.2025.2054269.1019
Abstract
Energy plays a critical role in the growth and development of societies, and universities are recognized as key drivers of economic progress. In light of declining fossil fuel reserves and global warming, adopting renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, has become increasingly essential. Furthermore, the advantages of distributed generation are now more apparent than ever. Many countries have developed various scenarios to eliminate fossil fuels from electricity generation, an approach that warrants serious consideration in Iran as well. This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility and optimal design of a hybrid photovoltaic/diesel/battery power system intended to supply electricity to an academic center located in western Iran. The technical aspects and economic viability of implementing such a system were evaluated using the HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) simulation tool. Various configurations combining solar energy, battery storage, and diesel generators were analyzed and compared. The simulation results presented in this study demonstrate that, given the subsidized nature of energy carriers in Iran, the implementation of hybrid energy systems is not highly recommended at this time.
Keywords
Renewable energy
hybrid power system
net present cost
on-grid
techno-economic optimization
HOMER analysis tool

Subjects

[1]    A. S. Aziz, M. F. N. Tajuddin, M. R. Adzman, A. Azmi, and M. A. Ramli, "Optimization and sensitivity analysis of standalone hybrid energy systems for rural electrification: A case study of Iraq," Renewable energy, vol. 138, pp. 775-792, 2019.
[2]    L. Olatomiwa, R. Blanchard, S. Mekhilef, and D. Akinyele, "Hybrid renewable energy supply for rural healthcare facilities: An approach to quality healthcare delivery," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 30, pp. 121-138, 2018.
[3]    M. Shaaban and J. Petinrin, "Renewable energy potentials in Nigeria: Meeting rural energy needs," Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 29, pp. 72-84, 2014.
[4]    M. Baneshi and F. Hadianfard, "Techno-economic feasibility of hybrid diesel/PV/wind/battery electricity generation systems for non-residential large electricity consumers under southern Iran climate conditions," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 127, pp. 233-244, 2016.
[5]    H. U. R. Habib, S. Wang, M. R. Elkadeem, and M. F. Elmorshedy, "Design optimization and model predictive control of a standalone hybrid renewable energy system: A case study on a small residential load in Pakistan," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 117369-117390, 2019.
[6]    A. T. Brimmo, A. Sodiq, S. Sofela, and I. Kolo, "Sustainable energy development in Nigeria: Wind, hydropower, geothermal and nuclear (Vol. 1)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 74, pp. 474-490, 2017.
[7]    A. Dosunmu and B. Omayone, "An overview of Nigeria energy profile for power generation," Strategic planning for energy and the environment, pp. 32-36, 2003.
[8]    M. Hasanuzzaman, N. Rahim, R. Saidur, and S. Kazi, "Energy savings and emissions reductions for rewinding and replacement of industrial motor," Energy, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 233-240, 2011.
[9]    M. Hasanuzzaman, N. Rahim, M. Hosenuzzaman, R. Saidur, I. Mahbubul, and M. Rashid, "Energy savings in the combustion based process heating in industrial sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 4527-4536, 2012.
[10]    IEA. "Global Energy Review 2021." IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2021 (accessed.
[11]    M. Jorli, S. Van Passel, H. Sadeghi, A. Nasseri, and L. Agheli, "Estimating Human Health Impacts and Costs Due to Iranian Fossil Fuel Power Plant Emissions through the Impact Pathway Approach," Energies, vol. 10, no. 12, p. 2136, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/12/2136.
[12]    Lucas Chancel,Thomas Piketty,Emmanuel Saez,Gabriel Zucman," WORLD INEQUALITY REPORT 2022, WORLD INEQUALITY LAB. Available:https://wir2022.wid.world/chapter-6/
[13]    G. Najafi, B. Ghobadian, R. Mamat, T. Yusaf, and W. Azmi, "Solar energy in Iran: Current state and outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 49, pp. 931-942, 2015.
[14]    https://isn.moe.gov.ir/Statistical-Reports/Main-Reports/2021/Annual-statistics-Report-2023-2024 
[15]    https://isn.moe.gov.ir/Statistical-Reports/Electricity/IRAN-ELECTRIC-POWER-INDUSRY-2024-2025
[16]    C. Breyer et al., "Solar photovoltaics demand for the global energy transition in the power sector," Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 505-523, 2018.
[17]    K. Hansen, B. V. Mathiesen, and I. R. Skov, "Full energy system transition towards 100% renewable energy in Germany in 2050," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 102, pp. 1-13, 2019.
[18]    N. Ghorbani, A. Aghahosseini, and C. Breyer, "Assessment of a cost-optimal power system fully based on renewable energy for Iran by 2050–Achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions and overcoming the water crisis," Renewable Energy, vol. 146, pp. 125-148, 2020.
[19]    A. Aghahosseini, D. Bogdanov, N. Ghorbani, and C. Breyer, "Analysis of 100% renewable energy for Iran in 2030: integrating solar PV, wind energy and storage," International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 17-36, 2018.
[20]    B. Mousavi, N. S. A. Lopez, J. B. M. Biona, A. S. Chiu, and M. Blesl, "Driving forces of Iran's CO2 emissions from energy consumption: an LMDI decomposition approach," Applied energy, vol. 206, pp. 804-814, 2017.
[21]    M. S. Adaramola, S. S. Paul, and O. M. Oyewola, "Assessment of decentralized hybrid PV solar-diesel power system for applications in Northern part of Nigeria," Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 19, pp. 72-82, 2014.
[22]    L. Olatomiwa, "Optimal configuration assessments of hybrid renewable power supply for rural healthcare facilities," Energy Reports, vol. 2, pp. 141-146, 2016.
[23]    D. Akinyele, "Analysis of photovoltaic mini‐grid systems for remote locations: A techno‐economic approach," International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 1363-1380, 2018.
[24]    J. O. Oladigbolu, "Optimal configuration and economic assessment of a hybrid pv/diesel energy system for remote rural healthcare load: an approach towards rural development," Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 1309-1313, 2019.
[25]    s. sadeghi, "Design and analysis of a 30 kV photovoltaic grid connected system using pvsyst software," jiaeee, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 47, 2023, doi: 10.61186/jiaeee.20.4.2627.
[26]    S. Sadeghi, " Investigation of the Effect of Solar Panel Type on the Design and Operation of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using PVsyst Software," (in en), Karafan Journal, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 75-99, 2023, doi: 10.48301/kssa.2023.346906.2163.
[27]     [Online]. Available: https://power.larc.nasa.gov/.
[28]    L. Olatomiwa, S. Mekhilef, A. Huda, and O. S. Ohunakin, "Economic evaluation of hybrid energy systems for rural electrification in six geo-political zones of Nigeria," Renewable Energy, vol. 83, pp. 435-446, 2015.
[29]    T. Nacer, A. Hamidat, O. Nadjemi, and M. Bey, "Feasibility study of grid connected photovoltaic system in family farms for electricity generation in rural areas," Renewable Energy, vol. 96, pp. 305-318, 2016.
[30]    M. Hadwan and A. Alkholidi, "Solar power energy solutions for Yemeni rural villages and desert communities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 57, pp. 838-849, 2016.
[31]    F. Asghar, M. Talha, and S. H. Kim, "Robust frequency and voltage stability control strategy for standalone AC/DC hybrid microgrid," Energies, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 760, 2017.
[32]    J. Hu, Y. Xu, K. W. Cheng, and J. M. Guerrero, "A model predictive control strategy of PV-Battery microgrid under variable power generations and load conditions," Applied Energy, vol. 221, pp. 195-203, 2018.
[33]    X. Lu, K. Sun, J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, and L. Huang, "State-of-charge balance using adaptive droop control for distributed energy storage systems in DC microgrid applications," IEEE Transactions on Industrial electronics, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 2804-2815, 2013.
[34]    N. Bizon, "Effective mitigation of the load pulses by controlling the battery/SMES hybrid energy storage system," Applied energy, vol. 229, pp. 459-473, 2018.
[35]    "Wind System Installation." https://www.windenergy.com. (accessed 2019).
[36]    F. K. Abo-Elyousr and A. Elnozahy, "Bi-objective economic feasibility of hybrid micro-grid systems with multiple fuel options for islanded areas in Egypt," Renewable Energy, vol. 128, pp. 37-56, 2018.
[37]    B. A. Aderemi, S. Chowdhury, T. O. Olwal, and A. M. Abu-Mahfouz, "Techno-economic feasibility of hybrid solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage power system for a mobile cellular base station in Soshanguve, South Africa," Energies, vol. 11, no. 6, p. 1572, 2018.
[38]    T. Lambert, P. Gilman, and P. Lilienthal, "Micropower system modeling with HOMER," Integration of alternative sources of energy, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 379-385, 2006.
Power, Control, and Data Processing Systems
Volume 2, Issue 2
Spring 2025
Pages 1-10

  • Receive Date 24 February 2025
  • Revise Date 21 April 2025
  • Accept Date 21 April 2025
  • First Publish Date 21 April 2025
  • Publish Date 01 June 2025